{"id":550888,"date":"2025-08-19T07:19:31","date_gmt":"2025-08-19T07:19:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/mx-es\/?p=550888&#038;preview=true&#038;preview_id=550888"},"modified":"2025-08-19T07:19:57","modified_gmt":"2025-08-19T07:19:57","slug":"decarbonizing-transport-by-2050-which-alternative-fuels-will-lead-the-way","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/mx-es\/insights\/expert-perspectives\/decarbonizing-transport-by-2050-which-alternative-fuels-will-lead-the-way\/","title":{"rendered":"Decarbonizing transport by 2050: which alternative fuels will lead the way?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<header class=\"wp-block-cg-blocks-hero-blogs header-hero-blogs\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"hero-blogs\"><div class=\"hero-blogs-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12\"><div class=\"header-title\"><h1>Decarbonizing transport by 2050: which alternative fuels will lead the way?<\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"hero-blogs-bottom\"><div class=\"header-author\"><div class=\"author-img\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/mx-es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2025\/08\/Graham-Upton-e1750143251631.jpg?w=200&amp;quality=10\" alt=\"Graham Upton\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/div><div class=\"author-name-date\"><h5 class=\"author-name\">Graham Upton<\/h5><h5 class=\"blog-date\">Jun 13, 2025<\/h5><\/div><\/div><div class=\"brand-image\"> <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/header>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-cg-blocks-intro-para undefined section section--intro\"><div class=\"intro-para\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12 col-md-1\"><nav class=\"article-social\"><ul class=\"social-nav\"><li class=\"ip-order-fb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/insights\/expert-perspectives\/decarbonizing-transport-by-2050-which-alternative-fuels-will-lead-the-way\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"opens in a new window\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon-fb\"><\/i><span class=\"sr-only\">Facebook<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"ip-order-li\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/shareArticle?url=https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/insights\/expert-perspectives\/decarbonizing-transport-by-2050-which-alternative-fuels-will-lead-the-way\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"opens in a new window\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon-li\"><\/i><span class=\"sr-only\">Linkedin<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><div class=\"col-12 col-md-11 col-lg-10\"><h2 class=\"intro-para-title\">Transport accounts for over one-third of CO\u2082 emissions from end-use sectors globally, and emissions have grown by 1.7% annually between 1990 and 2022\u2014faster than any other sector.<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-cg-blocks-group undefined section section--article-content\"><div class=\"article-main-content\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12 col-md-11 col-lg-10 offset-md-1 offset-lg-1\"><div class=\"article-text article-quote-text\">\n<p>To align with net-zero goals, emissions from transport must fall by more than 3% per year through 2030 and continue to decline steeply beyond that, despite rising demand and increasing complexity across the sector. (<em>Source: <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/energy-system\/transport\"><em>IEA \u2013 Transport Sector<\/em><\/a>)<br><br>On this urgent but complex journey to decarbonize, the transport sector, especially aerospace and automotive, faces the dual challenge of growing demand while meeting increasingly strict environmental targets. Additionally, rising government regulation and public pressure are pushing airlines, automakers, and other transport operators toward cleaner fuels and energy sources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The production of biofuels, a critical alternative to fossil fuels, faces several technical challenges. For example, used cooking oil requires significant pretreatment, agricultural waste is difficult to process, and algae-based fuels remain costly and unscalable. These challenges stem from both the type of feedstocks used and the conversion processes required to make them usable across aviation, automotive, and other mobility applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is an expanding range of biofuels in development such as biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas, and others but each presents unique hurdles depending on the raw materials and technologies involved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here, Graham Upton (Chief Architect, Intelligent Industry) and Sushant Rastogi (New Energies SME, Energy Transition &amp; Utilities) explore how alternative fuels are evolving and how aerospace, automotive, and infrastructure players can use them to offset carbon emissions while enabling mass sustainable mobility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-biofuel-feedstocks-diverse-sources-diverse-challenges\"><strong>Biofuel feedstocks: diverse sources, diverse challenges<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Biofuels can be derived from various feedstocks, but each presents distinct technical, environmental, and economic challenges:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>First-generation feedstocks (food crops):<\/strong><br>Derived from crops like corn, sugarcane, and soybean, these are well-studied and widely used. However, they raise &#8220;food versus fuel&#8221; concerns, consume large land and water resources, and contribute to environmental degradation such as deforestation and nutrient runoff.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Second-generation feedstocks (non-food boimass):<\/strong><br>Include agricultural residues, forestry waste, and energy crops. While they don\u2019t compete with food supply, they are harder to collect, transport, and process due to their structural complexity and geographic dispersion.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Third-generation feedstocks (algae and microorganisms):<\/strong><br>Can be cultivated on non-arable land and produce high yields of biodiesel, but the current technology is energy-intensive, water-demanding, and not economically scalable. (<em>Reference: IEA Bioenergy Task 39, \u201cAlgal Biofuels: Landscape and Future Prospects,\u201d 2022.<\/em>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Waste oils and fats:<\/strong><br>Sourced from used cooking oils and animal fats, these feedstocks avoid land-use conflict but are limited in global supply and require extensive pretreatment due to high impurity levels.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fourth-generation biofuels:<\/strong><br>Produced using genetically engineered microorganisms to enhance yield and efficiency. While promising, they face high R&amp;D costs, regulatory barriers, and significant scalability hurdles. (<em>Reference: IRENA, \u201cAdvanced Biofuels \u2013 Technology Brief,\u201d 2021.<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Processing costs for many of these advanced biofuels remain 2\u20133 times higher than conventional fuels, limiting their commercial competitiveness. (<em>Source: World Bank, \u201cBiofuels for Transport: Global Potential,\u201d 2020.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Achieving net-zero emissions in transport\u2014particularly in hard-to-abate sectors like aviation\u2014requires a multi-pronged approach:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Optimize biofuel feedstocks and processing technologies<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Scale up production economically<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Align infrastructure development and supportive policy frameworks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A diversified and innovative strategy is critical to reduce costs, increase resource efficiency, and ensure sustainable, scalable biofuel adoption across sectors such as automotive and aerospace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-biofuel-production-a-comparative-view-of-process-challenges\"><strong>Biofuel production: a comparative view of process challenges<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Producing biofuels is technically demanding. Each type\u2014bioethanol, biodiesel, and biogas\u2014faces unique process-related challenges in terms of efficiency, cost, environmental impact, and scalability. Here&#8217;s a side-by-side comparison:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Biofuel type<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Key feedstock<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Core process challenge<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Efficiency barrier<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Environmental impact<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Bioethanol<\/strong><\/td><td>Lignocellulosic biomass, sugar crops<\/td><td>Complex pretreatment to break down plant fibres<\/td><td>Traditional yeast inefficient at fermenting all sugar types<\/td><td>High energy input in pretreatment and fermentation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Biodiesel<\/strong><\/td><td>Waste oils, vegetable oils<\/td><td>Impurities reduce process efficiency<\/td><td>High-quality feedstock required; catalyst separation is complex<\/td><td>Excess glycerol by-product requires responsible disposal<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Biogas<\/strong><\/td><td>Organic waste, manure, food waste<\/td><td>Feedstock inconsistency affects gas yield<\/td><td>Anaerobic digestion requires precise conditions<\/td><td>Requires gas purification to meet fuel quality standards<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Each of these fuels needs process optimisation to reduce cost and improve performance\u2014such as advanced enzymes, improved catalysts, or integrated upgrading technologies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-summary-insight\"><strong>Summary insight:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To unlock biofuels at scale in high-emission sectors like aviation and automotive, industry must address core production hurdles by:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Innovating cost-effective conversion technologies<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Enhancing feedstock flexibility<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Minimising waste and emissions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-can-these-challenges-be-solved-through-material-and-process-optimization\"><strong>Can these challenges be solved through material and process optimization?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Producing biofuels efficiently and with minimal environmental impact requires significant technical optimization across the value chain:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Enzyme and catalyst development<\/strong> enhances performance in bioethanol and biodiesel production.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Process integration and energy efficiency, <\/strong>particularly in energy-intensive stages like distillation and gasification, are crucial.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Upgrading technologies<\/strong> for biogas and bio-oil must meet high fuel standards, often requiring expensive, multi-stage purification.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>While these innovations support net-zero targets in aviation and transport, most remain expensive and limited in scale without broader industrial and policy support.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-where-the-focus-needs-to-be-scalability-and-economic-viability\"><strong>Where the focus needs to be: scalability and economic viability<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Even with technical solutions in place, scaling biofuel production to meet global transport demand is challenging:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Higher production costs vs fossil fuels<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fragmented, globalized supply chains<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Need for new or upgraded processing and distribution infrastructure<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Current infrastructure is largely fossil-based. Biofuel integration in sectors like aerospace and heavy mobility requires system-wide investments across storage, pipelines, airport fuelling systems, and more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To succeed, biofuels must be backed by strong market mechanisms: subsidies, tax credits, blending mandates, and long-term regulation to encourage adoption across carbon-intensive industries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-conclusion\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Decarbonizing the transport sector by 2050 is a critical challenge and to meet net-zero targets, emissions must decline by over 3% annually through 2030 and continue to decline steeply beyond that &#8211; despite rising demand. This transition is particularly complex for high-emission sectors like aviation and automotive, which face mounting regulatory and societal pressure to adopt cleaner energy sources. Biofuels, ranging from first-generation food crops to advanced fourth &#8211; generation engineered organisms, offer a promising alternative but each type presents unique technical, environmental, and economic hurdles. These include high production costs, limited scalability, and complex processing requirements. Feedstocks such as waste oils, algae, and agricultural residues require significant pretreatment and infrastructure adaptation, while innovations in enzymes, catalysts, and purification technologies are essential to improve efficiency and reduce emissions. However, without strong policy support market incentives, and investment in infrastructure, biofuels remain commercially uncompetitive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Achieving scalable, sustainable biofuel adoption will require a coordinated strategy that enhances feedstock flexibility, optimizes production processes which aligns with broader energy and transport systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-capgemini-can-help-you-decarbonize\"><strong>How ÎÚÑ»´«Ã½ can help you decarbonize<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>ÎÚÑ»´«Ã½ brings deep expertise in decarbonizing transport and industrial energy systems. We partner with global clients to define, develop, and deliver innovative fuel and infrastructure strategies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In aerospace, we assessed market demand for medium-range planes by 2030 and evaluated the feasibility of hydrogen-powered aircraft\u2014helping clients plan for the next generation of zero-emission aviation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In maritime, we partnered with Newcastle Marine Services, the University of Strathclyde, O.S. Energy, and MarRI-UK to retrofit diesel vessels with hydrogen propulsion using Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHCs).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Impact metrics:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Emissions reduced by &gt;90% per vessel during trials<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GPS and energy data collected over 48-hour missions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Demonstrated LOHC integration without redesigning onboard systems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>ÎÚÑ»´«Ã½ enables transport clients to make informed decarbonization choices\u2014from strategy to implementation. Our approach includes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Strategic fuel and tech assessments<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Infrastructure and policy alignment<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Business case development<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Digital prototyping and scaled deployment<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>We also leverage Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to optimize biofuel supply chains, enhance efficiency, and reduce carbon footprints across the value chain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/gb-en\/industries\/energy-and-utilities\/\"><strong>Learn more about our experience in energy transition and mobility innovation<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-cg-blocks-wrapper-people-slider section section--expert-slider wrapper-people-slider undefined\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"content-title\"><h2 data-maxlength=\"34\" class=\"people-heading-title\">Authors<\/h2><\/div><\/div><div class=\"slider slider-boxed\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"slider-window\"><div class=\"slider-list\">\t\t<div class=\"slide\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-md-6 col-lg-4 box-img-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/mx-es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2025\/08\/Graham-Upton-e1750143251631.jpg\" alt=\"Graham Upton\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-md-6 col-lg-8 box-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row title-social-media-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-md-12 col-lg-6 mbl-social-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"social-nav\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a aria-label=\"Linkedin\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/graham-upton-ceng-fimeche-fraes-34072171\/\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon-li\"><\/i><\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-md-12 col-lg-6 box-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"people-profile-title\">Graham Upton<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Head of Technology &amp; Innovation, ÎÚÑ»´«Ã½ Engineering UK<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-md-12 col-lg-6 social-box-container dkt-social-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"social-nav\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a aria-label=\"Linkedin\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/graham-upton-ceng-fimeche-fraes-34072171\/\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon-li\"><\/i><\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"people-info\">ÎÚÑ»´«Ã½ can help clients seize opportunities in transport decarbonisation by leveraging its expertise in digital transformation, engineering, and sustainability. We can support innovation in biofuel technologies, optimise supply chains, and navigate regulatory landscapes. By enabling scalable, cost-effective solutions and infrastructure adaptation, ÎÚÑ»´«Ã½ empowers clients to lead in sustainable mobility and meet net-zero targets amid rising demand and complex challenges.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"slider-nav\"><button class=\"slider-prev inactive\" aria-label=\"Slider-previous\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/button><ul class=\"slider-paginator\"><\/ul><button class=\"slider-next\" aria-label=\"Slider-next\"><\/button><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Investigate the role of biofuels in reducing emissions and meeting stringent environmental targets in aerospace and automotive sectors.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":264,"featured_media":550890,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"cg_dt_proposed_to":[],"cg_seo_hreflang_relations":"[]","cg_seo_canonical_relation":"","cg_seo_hreflang_x_default_relation":"","cg_dt_approved_content":true,"cg_dt_mandatory_content":false,"cg_dt_notes":"","cg_dg_source_changed":false,"cg_dt_link_disabled":false,"_yoast_wpseo_primary_brand":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","featured_focal_points":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"brand":[],"service":[],"industry":[108,109,205],"partners":[],"blog-topic":[518],"content-group":[],"class_list":["post-550888","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","industry-aerospace-defense","industry-automotive","industry-energy","blog-topic-automation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium 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